The White House Just Issued An -Executive Order- officially Preparing For The “Event”.
The White House
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
October 13, 2016
Executive Order — Coordinating Efforts to Prepare the Nation for Space Weather Events
EXECUTIVE ORDER
– – – – – – –
COORDINATING EFFORTS TO PREPARE
THE NATION FOR SPACE WEATHER EVENTS
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and
the laws of the United States of America, and to prepare the Nation for
space weather events, it is hereby ordered as follows:– – – – – – –
COORDINATING EFFORTS TO PREPARE
THE NATION FOR SPACE WEATHER EVENTS
Section 1. Policy.
Space
weather events, in the form of solar flares, solar energetic particles,
and geomagnetic disturbances, occur regularly, some with measurable
effects on critical infrastructure systems and technologies, such as the
Global Positioning System (GPS), satellite operations and
communication, aviation, and the electrical power grid. Extreme space
weather events — those that could significantly degrade critical
infrastructure — could disable large portions of the electrical power
grid, resulting in cascading failures that would affect key services
such as water supply, healthcare, and transportation. Space weather has
the potential to simultaneously affect and disrupt health and safety
across entire continents. Successfully preparing for space weather
events is an all-of-nation endeavor that requires partnerships across
governments, emergency managers, academia, the media, the insurance
industry, non-profits, and the private sector.
It is the policy of the United States to prepare for space weather
events to minimize the extent of economic loss and human hardship. The
Federal Government must have:
(1) the capability to predict and detect a space weather event,
(2) the plans and programs necessary to alert the public and private sectors to enable mitigating actions for an impending space weather event,
(3) the protection and mitigation plans, protocols, and standards required to reduce risks to critical infrastructure prior to and during a credible threat, and
(4) the ability to respond to and recover from the effects of space weather. Executive departments and agencies (agencies) must coordinate their efforts to prepare for the effects of space weather events.
(2) the plans and programs necessary to alert the public and private sectors to enable mitigating actions for an impending space weather event,
(3) the protection and mitigation plans, protocols, and standards required to reduce risks to critical infrastructure prior to and during a credible threat, and
(4) the ability to respond to and recover from the effects of space weather. Executive departments and agencies (agencies) must coordinate their efforts to prepare for the effects of space weather events.
Sec. 2. Objectives.
This order defines agency roles and responsibilities and directs agencies to take specific actions to prepare the Nation for the hazardous effects of space weather. These activities are to be implemented in conjunction with those identified in the 2015 National Space Weather Action Plan (Action Plan) and any subsequent updates. Implementing this order and the Action Plan will require the Federal Government to work across agencies and to develop, as appropriate, enhanced and innovative partnerships with State, tribal, and local governments; academia; non-profits; the private sector; and international partners. These efforts will enhance national preparedness and speed the creation of a space-weather-ready Nation.Sec. 3. Coordination.
(a) The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), in consultation with the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), shall coordinate the development and implementation of Federal Government activities to prepare the Nation for space weather events, including the activities established in section 5 of this order and the recommendations of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), established by Executive Order 12881 of November 23, 1993 (Establishment of the National Science and Technology Council).(b) To ensure accountability for and coordination of research, development, and implementation of activities identified in this order and in the Action Plan, the NSTC shall establish a Space Weather Operations, Research, and Mitigation Subcommittee (Subcommittee). The Subcommittee member agencies shall conduct activities to advance the implementation of this order, to achieve the goals identified in the 2015 National Space Weather Strategy and any subsequent updates, and to coordinate and monitor the implementation of the activities specified in the Action Plan and provide subsequent updates.
Sec. 4. Roles and Responsibilities.
To the extent permitted by law, the agencies below shall adopt the following roles and responsibilities, which are key to ensuring enhanced space weather forecasting, situational awareness, space weather preparedness, and continuous Federal Government operations during and after space weather events.
(a) The Secretary of Defense shall ensure the timely provision of operational space weather observations, analyses, forecasts, and other products to support the mission of the Department of Defense and coalition partners, including the provision of alerts and warnings for space weather phenomena that may affect weapons systems, military operations, or the defense of the United States.
(b) The Secretary of the Interior shall support the research, development, deployment, and operation of capabilities that enhance the understanding of variations of the Earth’s magnetic field associated with solar-terrestrial interactions.
(c) The Secretary of Commerce shall:
(i) provide timely and
accurate operational space weather forecasts, watches, warnings,
alerts, and real-time space weather monitoring for the government,
civilian, and commercial sectors, exclusive of the responsibilities of
the Secretary of Defense; and
(ii) ensure the
continuous improvement of operational space weather services, utilizing
partnerships, as appropriate, with the research community, including
academia and the private sector, and relevant agencies to develop,
validate, test, and transition space weather observation platforms and
models from research to operations and from operations to research.
(d) The Secretary of Energy shall facilitate the protection and
restoration of the reliability of the electrical power grid during a
presidentially declared grid security emergency associated with a
geomagnetic disturbance pursuant to 16 U.S.C. 824o-1.(e) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall:
(i) ensure the timely
redistribution of space weather alerts and warnings that support
national preparedness, continuity of government, and continuity of
operations; and
(ii) coordinate
response and recovery from the effects of space weather events on
critical infrastructure and the broader community.
(f) The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) shall:
(i) implement and
support a national research program to understand the Sun and its
interactions with Earth and the solar system to advance space weather
modeling and prediction capabilities applicable to space weather
forecasting;
(ii) develop and operate space-weather-related research missions, instrument capabilities, and models; and
(iii) support the transition of space weather models and technology from research to operations and from operations to research.
(g) The Director of the National Science
Foundation (NSF) shall support fundamental research linked to societal
needs for space weather information through investments and
partnerships, as appropriate.
(h) The Secretary of State, in consultation with the heads of
relevant agencies, shall carry out diplomatic and public diplomacy
efforts to strengthen global capacity to respond to space weather
events.(i) The Secretaries of Defense, the Interior, Commerce, Transportation, Energy, and Homeland Security, along with the Administrator of NASA and the Director of NSF, shall work together, consistent with their ongoing activities, to develop models, observation systems, technologies, and approaches that inform and enhance national preparedness for the effects of space weather events, including how space weather events may affect critical infrastructure and change the threat landscape with respect to other hazards.
(j) The heads of all agencies that support National Essential Functions, defined by Presidential Policy Directive 40 (PPD-40) of July 15, 2016 (National Continuity Policy), shall ensure that space weather events are adequately addressed in their all-hazards preparedness planning, including mitigation, response, and recovery, as directed by PPD-8 of March 30, 2011 (National Preparedness).
(k) NSTC member agencies shall coordinate through the NSTC to establish roles and responsibilities beyond those identified in section 4 of this order to enhance space weather preparedness, consistent with each agency’s legal authority.
Sec. 5. Implementation.
(a) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall develop a plan to test and evaluate available devices that mitigate the effects of geomagnetic disturbances on the electrical power grid through the development of a pilot program that deploys such devices, in situ, in the electrical power grid. After the development of the plan, the Secretary shall implement the plan in collaboration with industry. In taking action pursuant to this subsection, the Secretaries of Energy and Homeland Security shall consult with the Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
(b) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the
heads of the sector-specific agencies that oversee the lifeline
critical infrastructure functions as defined by the National
Infrastructure Protection Plan of 2013 — including communications,
energy, transportation, and water and wastewater systems — as well as
the Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste Sector, shall assess their
executive and statutory authority, and limits of that authority, to
direct, suspend, or control critical infrastructure operations,
functions, and services before, during, and after a space weather event.
The heads of each sector-specific agency shall provide a summary of
these assessments to the Subcommittee.
(c) Within 90 days of receipt of the assessments
ordered in section 5(b) of this order, the Subcommittee shall provide a
report on the findings of these assessments with recommendations to the
Director of OSTP, the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security
and Counterterrorism, and the Director of OMB. The assessments may be
used to inform the development and implementation of policy establishing
authorities and responsibilities for agencies in response to a space
weather event.
(d) Within 60 days of the date of this order, the
Secretaries of Defense and Commerce, the Administrator of NASA, and the
Director of NSF, in collaboration with other agencies as appropriate,
shall identify mechanisms for advancing space weather observations,
models, and predictions, and for sustaining and transitioning
appropriate capabilities from research to operations and operations to
research, collaborating with industry and academia to the extent
possible.
(e) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the
Secretaries of Defense and Commerce shall make historical data from the
GPS constellation and other U.S. Government satellites publicly
available, in accordance with Executive Order 13642 of May 9, 2013
(Making Open and Machine Readable the New Default for Government
Information), to enhance model validation and improvements in space
weather forecasting and situational awareness.
(f) Within 120 days of the date of this order, the
Secretary of Homeland Security, through the Administrator of the
Federal Emergency Management Agency and in coordination with relevant
agencies, shall lead the development of a coordinated Federal operating
concept and associated checklist to coordinate Federal assets and
activities to respond to notification of, and protect against, impending
space weather events. Within 180 days of the publication of the
operating concept and checklist, agencies shall develop operational
plans documenting their procedures and responsibilities to prepare for,
protect against, and mitigate the effects of impending space weather
events, in support of the Federal operating concept and compatible with
the National Preparedness System described in PPD-8.
Sec. 6. Stakeholder Engagement.
The agencies identified in this order shall seek public-private and international collaborations to enhance observation networks, conduct research, develop prediction models and mitigation approaches, enhance community resilience and preparedness, and supply the services necessary to protect life and property and promote economic prosperity, as consistent with law.
Sec. 7. Definitions.
As used in this order:
(a) “Prepare” and “preparedness” have the
same meaning they have in PPD-8. They refer to the actions taken to
plan, organize, equip, train, and exercise to build and sustain the
capabilities necessary to prevent, protect against, mitigate the effects
of, respond to, and recover from those threats that pose the greatest
risk to the security of the Nation. This includes the prediction and
notification of space weather events.
(b) “Space weather” means variations in the space
environment between the Sun and Earth (and throughout the solar system)
that can affect technologies in space and on Earth. The primary types of
space weather events are solar flares, solar energetic particles, and
geomagnetic disturbances.
(c) “Solar flare” means a brief eruption of
intense energy on or near the Sun’s surface that is typically associated
with sunspots.
(d) “Solar energetic particles” means ions and
electrons ejected from the Sun that are typically associated with solar
eruptions.
(e) “Geomagnetic disturbance” means a temporary disturbance of Earth’s magnetic field resulting from solar activity.
(f) “Critical infrastructure” has the meaning
provided in section 1016(e) of the USA Patriot Act of 2001 (42 U.S.C.
5195c(e)), namely systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so
vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such
systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security,
national economic security, national public health or safety, or any
combination of those matters.
(g) “Sector-Specific Agency” means the agencies
designated under PPD-21 of February 12, 2013 (Critical Infrastructure
Security and Resilience), or any successor directive, to be responsible
for providing institutional knowledge and specialized expertise as well
as leading, facilitating, or supporting the security and resilience
programs and associated activities of its designated critical
infrastructure sector in the all-hazards environment. Sec. 8. General
Provisions.
(a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of OMB relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.(ii) the functions of the Director of OMB relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
BARACK OBAMA
THE WHITE HOUSE,
October 13, 2016.
